[ss Experiencer] does not seem to have any prototypical adposition in the languages we have looked at. In English, it can be construed in several ways:

- [ex 001 "the anger [p en/of Experiencer--Gestalt] the students ([ss Experiencer--Gestalt])"]

- [ex 002 "the student[p en/s' Experiencer--Gestalt] anger over<sub>[ss Topic]</sub> the decision ([ss Experiencer--Gestalt])"]

- [ex 003 "Running is enjoyable [p en/for Experiencer--Beneficiary] me ([ss Experiencer--Beneficiary])"]

- [ex 004 "The pizza was (too) salty [p en/for Experiencer--Beneficiary] me ([ss Experiencer--Beneficiary])"]

- [ex 005 "It feels hot [p en/to Experiencer--Goal] me ([ss Experiencer--Goal])"]

- [ex 006 "That was astounding [p en/to Experiencer--Goal] me ([ss Experiencer--Goal])"]

- [ex 009 "This is [p en/my Experiencer--Gestalt] favorite movie ([ss Experiencer--Gestalt])"]

- [ex 010 "The answer is known [p en/by Experiencer--Agent] me ([ss Experiencer--Agent])"]

- [ex 011 "The answer is known [p en/to Experiencer--Goal] me ([ss Experiencer--Goal])"]

- [ex 012 "That is [p en/my Experiencer--Gestalt] opinion ([ss Experiencer--Gestalt])"]

- [ex 013 "That was [p en/my Experiencer--Gestalt] experience ([ss Experiencer--Gestalt])"]

Bodily events with an [ss Experiencer] are limited to __perceptions__ like seeing and hearing, and __sensations__ such as pain and hunger. The undergoer of an involuntary bodily event like sneezing, bleeding, falling asleep, breaking a limb, or dying would instead be a [ss Theme], as these events are primarily physical in nature.

One whose __mental state__ (including events of knowledge, memory, belief, desire, intention) or __emotion__ is described is an [ss Experiencer]. However, the individual is an [ss Agent] if exhibiting or acting on their thoughts/emotions, even internally (e.g. making a decision).

Less canonically, [ss Experiencer] applies to semi-pragmatic usages meaning ‘from the perspective of’:[^1]

- [ex 007 "[pspecial For en/for Experiencer--Beneficiary] John, the party was not fun at all. ([ss Experiencer--Beneficiary])"]

- [ex 008 "[pspecial For en/for Experiencer--Beneficiary] John, there was no reason to attend. ([ss Experiencer--Beneficiary])"]

Elsewhere, the term <i>cognizer</i> is sometimes used for one whose mental state is described.

Counterpart: [ss Stimulus] or [ss Topic]

[^1]: Interestingly, many uses of [p en/for] carry an information structural association of delimiting the scope of an assertion. <i> [pspecial For en/for] John, the party was not fun at all</i> makes no commitment regarding how fun the party was to others. <i>This food is good [p en/for]<sub>[ss Purpose]</sub> dinner/[p en/for]<sub>[ss Beneficiary]</sub> folks with dietary constraints</i> and <i>He is short [p en/for]<sub>[ss ComparisonRef]</sub> a basketball player</i> also have this property. As the present scheme targets semantic relations, it is not equipped to formalize pragmatic aspects of the meaning.