This marks a secondary event that is asserted as the reason for the main event or state.

• I went outside because_of the smell. 001

• The rain is due_to a cold front. 002

• He reacted out_of anger. (Explanation↝Source) 003

• He thanked her for the cookies. 004

• Thank you for being so helpful. 005

When a preposition like after is used and the relation is temporal as well as causal, construal captures the overlap. While since and as can also be temporal, there are tokens where they cannot be paraphrased respectively with after and when:

• I joined a protest after the shameful vote in Congress. (Explanation↝Time) 006

• Her popularity has grown since she announced a bid for president. (Explanation↝Time) 007

• I will appoint him since/as/#after/#when he is most qualified for the job. (Explanation) 008

Question test: Explanation and its subtype Purpose license Why? questions.