The construction for passive voice (in verbs and nominalizations thereof) involves an optional by-PP; the object of by alternates with the subject in active voice. While a variety of scene roles can be expressed with this phrase, the functions associated with passive by are limited to Agent and Force (for participants within the event) and Causer (for a participant in a causing event):

• the decisive vote by the City Council (Agent) 001

• the devastation wreaked by the fire (Force) 002

• The horse was jumped over the fence by Claire. (Causer) 008

• This story was told by my grandmother. (Originator↝Agent) 003

• The news was not well received by the White House. (Recipient↝Agent) 004

• Mr. Dursley is employed by Grunnings. (Org↝Agent) 005

• The window was broken by the hammer. (Instrument↝Force) 006

• scared by the bear (Stimulus↝Force) 007