# 으로써 (-ulosse)

*Allomorph*: 로써(-losse)

## [ss Instrument] and [ss Means]

Equivalent to [으로 (-ulo)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/으로/)'s [ss Instrument], 으로써 marks [ss Instrument] when the nominal is an object: 

[gex 001 "{망치로써[p ko/로써 Instrument]||hammer-with} {컵을 cup-ACC} {깨트렸다 broke}." "(I) broke the cup with a hammer."]

When marking an action that causally mediates the main event, 으로써 is annotated as [ss Means].

[gex 002 "{눈물[p ko/로써 Means]||tears-with} {호소한다 petition}." "(I) petition with tears."]

We annotate "material" sense of 으로써 as [ss Source--Instrument]:

[gex 003 "{쌀[p ko/로써 Source--Instrument]||rice-with} {떡[p ko/을 Theme]||rice cake-ACC} {만든다 make}." "(One) makes rice cakes with rice."]

## [ss Time]
으로써 can also mark a reference time.

[gex 004 "{고향을 hometown-ACC} {떠난 left} {지 since} {올해[p ko/로써 Time]||current_year-since} {20년} {이다 be}." "This year marks 20 years since (I) left homehown."]

[gex 005 "{드디어 finally} {제6회 6th} {바리스타 barrista} {자격증 license} {시험이 examination} {오늘[p ko/로써 Time]||today-as_of} {시작되었습니다 started}" "Finally, the 6th barrista examinations started as of today"]