# Focus Postpositions
[ss Focus] postpositions evoke a set of likely candidates for the given event/situation, then the marked nominal is evaluated against these candidates in the capacity specific to the individual [ss Focus] postposition.
| Focus Type | Postpositions (allomorphs) | Description | Example No. |
|----|----|----|----|
Contrastive/Concessive | [이라도 (-ilato)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/이라도/), [이나 (-ina)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/이나/)| despite; notwithstanding | [exref 001 "Korean Focus Postpositions"], [exref 002 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Additive | [도 (-to)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/도/) | also, too | [exref 003 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Exclusive | [만 (-man)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/만/), [뿐 (-ppun)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/뿐/) | only | [exref 004 "Korean Focus Postpositions"], [exref 005 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Exlusive (Negative Polarity Item (NPI)) | [밖에 (-pakke)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/밖에/) | nothing but | [exref 006 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Inclusive | [이며 (-imye)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/이며/), [이든 (-itun)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/이든/), [이든지 (-itunci)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/이든지/) | for example, among others, too |[exref 007 "Korean Focus Postpositions"], [exref 008 "Korean Focus Postpositions"], [exref 009 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Scalar (less than) | [이라도 (-ilato)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/이라도/)| just or merely |[exref 010 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Scalar (more than) | [조차 (-cocha)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/조차/), [마저 (-mace)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/마저/), [까지 (-kkaci)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/까지/)| even |[exref 011 "Korean Focus Postpositions"], [exref 012 "Korean Focus Postpositions"], [exref 013 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
Scalar (let alone) | [커녕(-khenyeng)](http://flat.nert.georgetown.edu/ko/커녕/)| let alone, far from |[exref 014 "Korean Focus Postpositions"] |
### Contrastive/Concessive
[gex 001 "{선생님[p ko/이라도 Focus]||teacher} {모르는 unknowing} {것이 things-NOM} {있다 be}" "Teachers, notwithstanding, don't know everything"]
[gex 002 "{늦게 late} {시작했어도 started-despite} {벌써 already} {반[p ko/이나 Focus]||half} {끝냈다 finished}" "(Surprisingly,) Already finished half, despite starting late"]
[gex 003 "{라면[p ko/도 Focus]||bread-also} {좋아요 like}" "I also like ramen"]
[gex 004 "{먹을 eating} {것은 thing-TOP} {라면[p ko/뿐 Focus]이다||ramen-only-be}" "There is only ramen to eat"]
[gex 005 "{먹을 eating} {것은 thing-TOP} {라면[p ko/만 Focus]||bread-only} {있다 be}" "There is only ramen to eat"]
[gex 006 "{먹을 eating} {것은 thing-TOP} {라면[p ko/밖에 Focus]||bread-only} {없다 not-be}" "There is nothing but ramen to eat"]
[gex 007 "{빵[p ko/이며 Focus]||bread-too} {피차[p ko/며 Focus]||pizza-too} {다 all} {좋아요 like}" "Bread, pizza (for example); I like it all"]
[gex 008 "{빵[p ko/이든 Focus]||bread-too} {피차[p ko/든 Focus]||pizza-too} {다 all} {좋아요 like}" "Bread, pizza (doesn't matter what); I like it all"]
[gex 009 "{뭐[p ko/든지 Focus]||what-ever} {다 all} {좋아요 like}" "I like whatever."]
[gex 010 "{밥이 rice-NOM} {없으면 not-be} {라면[p ko/이라도 Focus]||ramen-just} {주세요 give}" "If there is no rice, just give me ramen"]
[gex 011 "{리사[p ko/조차 Focus]||Lisa-even} {시험에 test} {떨어졌다 failed}" "Even Lisa (least likely candidate to fail) failed the test"]
[gex 012 "{리사[p ko/마저 Focus]||Lisa-even} {시험에 test} {떨어졌다 failed}" "Even Lisa (least likely candidate to fail) failed the test"]
[gex 013 "{바트[p ko/까지 Focus]||Bart-even} {시험에 test} {합격했다 passed}" "Even Bart (least likely candidate to pass) passed the test"]
[gex 014 "{밥[p ko/커녕 Focus]||rice-let_alone} {죽도 porridge-not_even} {못 not} {먹는다 eat}" "Let alone rice, can't even eat/get porridge"]